Resumo

---

Enquadramento: Em todo o mundo assiste-se a um menor investimento na fase de sobrevivência ao cancro e em Portugal desconhece-se a existência de qualquer programa de intervenção centrada na adaptação dos sobreviventes de cancro.
Objetivo: Explorar os elementos-chave a considerar no desenvolvimento de uma intervenção educacional em enfermagem promotora da adaptação dos sobreviventes de cancro.
Metodologia: Estudo exploratório qualitativo com recurso a técnica do grupo focal com 9 peritos para a colheita dos dados.
Resultados: O conhecimento sobre a doença, a autogestão dos sintomas, o autocontrolo das emoções, o conhecimento sobre estratégias de coping e o envolvimento dos familiares devem integrar o conteúdo da intervenção a desenvolver. Estratégias do tipo educacional devem ser articuladas com estratégias motivacionais e relacionais. É fulcral que os sobreviventes estejam implicados no processo de aprendizagem. O plano de cuidados deve ser individualizado e contemplar um contrato de saúde.
Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu identificar um conjunto mínimo de características que deve integrar uma intervenção educacional em enfermagem.


Palavras-chave

---

enfermagem; neoplasias; sobrevivência; adaptação psicológica; educação de pacientes como assunto; educação em saúde

Akechi, T., Momino, K., Miyashita, M., Sakamoto, N., Yamashita, H., & Toyama, T. (2015). Anxiety in disease-free breast cancer patients might be alleviated by provision of psychological support, not of information. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 45(10), 929-933. https://academic.oup.com/jjco/article/45/10/929/871889
Coolbrandt, A., Wildiers, H., Aertgeerts, B., Van der Elst, E., Laenen, A., Dierckx de Casterlé, B., Atcherberger, B. T., & Milisen, K. (2014). Characteristics and effectiveness of complex nursing interventions aimed at reducing symptom burden in adult patients treated with chemotherapy: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(3), 495-510. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.08.008
Feuerstein, M. (2007). Defining cancer survivorship. The Journal of Cancer Survivorship: Research and Practice, 1, 5-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-006-0002-x
Garrett, K., Okuyama, S., Jones, W., Barnes, D., Tran, Z., Spencer, L., Lewis, K., Helgeson, V. S., Cohen, S., Schulz, R., & Yasko, J. (1999). Education and peer discussion group interventions and adjustment to breast cancer. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56(4), 340-347. http://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.56.4.340
International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2018). Latest global cancer data: Cancer burden rises to 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million cancer deaths in 2018. https://www.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/pr263_E.pdf
Krueger, R., & Casey, M. (2015). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research (5th ed.). Sage Publications Asia-Pacific.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. Springer.
Levit, L., Balogh, E., Nass, S., Ganz, P. A., Committee on Improving the Quality of Cancer Care: Addressing the challenges of an aging population, Board on Health Care Services, & Institute of Medicine (Eds.). (2013). Delivering high-quality cancer care: Charting a new course for a system in crisis. National Academies Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK202148/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK202148.pdf
Maroni, P., Chesney, M., & Marcus, A. (2013). Bridging the transition from cancer patient to survivor: Pilot study results of the Cancer Survivor Telephone Education and Personal Support (C-STEPS) program. Patient Education and Counseling, 92(2), 266-272. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2013.04.002
Meleis, A. I. (2010). Transitions theory: Middle range and situation specific theories in nursing research and practice. Springer Publishing Company.
Morgan, D. L. (1998). Planning focus group. http://doi.org/10.4135/9781483328171
Mullan, F. (1985). Seasons of survival: Reflections of a physician with cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine, 313(4), 270-273. http://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198507253130421
Naus, M. J., Ishler, M. D., Parrott, C. E., & Kovacs, S. A. (2009). Cancer survivor adaptation model: Conceptualizing cancer as a chronic illness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(12), 1350-1359. http://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20622
O’Malley, D. M., Hudson, S. V., Ohman-Strickland, P. A., Bator, A., Lee, H. S., Gundersen, D. A., & Miller, S. M. (2014). Follow-up care education and information: Identifying cancer survivors in need of more guidance. Journal of Cancer Education, 31(1), 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-014-0775-y
Rowland, J. H. (2016). Cancer survivorship: New challenge in cancer medicine. In D. W. Kufe, R. E. Pollock, R. R. Weichselbaum, R. C. Bast, T. S. Gansler, J. F. Holland & E. Frei (Eds.), Holland‐Frei Cancer Medicine (9th ed., pp 1-9). Wiley Blackwell.
Roy, C. (2009). The Roy adaptation model (3rd ed.). Pearson Education.
Smith, S. K., O’Donnell, J. D., Abernethy, A. P., MacDermott, K., Staley, T., & Samsa, G. P. (2015). Evaluation of Pillars4life: A virtual coping skills program for cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncology, 24(11), 1407-1415. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pon.3750
Stark, D., & House, A. (2000). Anxiety in cancer patients. British Journal of Cancer, 83(10), 1261-1267. https://doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.2000.1405
Towsley, G. L., Beck, S. L., & Watkins, J. F. (2007). “Learning to live with it”: Coping with the transition to cancer survivorship in older adults. Journal of Aging Studies, 21(2), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2006.08.003
Yi, J. C., & Syrjala, K. L. (2017). Anxiety and depression in cancer survivors. The Medical Clinics of North America, 101(6), 1099-1113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2017.06.005